SS-31

A mitochondria-targeted peptide that protects the inner membrane lipid cardiolipin, studied for cellular energy, heart and age-related mitochondrial decline.

What it is

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a small peptide engineered to concentrate inside mitochondria — the cell's power plants. It's among the most clinically advanced mitochondrial peptides.

SS-31 binds and stabilises cardiolipin, a lipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane that's essential for efficient energy production. By protecting cardiolipin, it's thought to improve electron-transport efficiency and reduce harmful oxidative byproducts.

Potential health benefits

Studied for:

Restoring mitochondrial efficiency in stressed or ageing cells.
Cardiac function in models of heart stress.
Energy, endurance and recovery.

What the research says

Elamipretide has progressed into human clinical trials for certain mitochondrial and cardiac conditions, giving it more formal data than many peptides here, though results across indications have been mixed.

Considerations

A research compound for general use. Speak with a qualified clinician, particularly if you have cardiovascular conditions.